def f(a, b):
    return dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in a.items()) == dict(
        (k.lower(), v) for k, v in b.items()
    )

f({"a": 5}, {1: 1})

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/frank/projects/executing/test8.py", line 8, in <module>
    f({"a": 5}, {1: 1})
  File "/home/frank/projects/executing/test8.py", line 2, in f
    return dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in a.items()) == dict(
                                                         ^^^^^
  File "/home/frank/projects/executing/test8.py", line 2, in <genexpr>
    return dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in a.items()) == dict(
                 ^^^^^^^
AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'lower'