python · ZackerySpytz · Dec 22, 2020 · Jan 5, 2024 · Aug 30, 2025 · Aug 30, 2025
diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst
@@ -2523,7 +2523,8 @@ features:
       Windows now handles a *mode* of ``0o700``.
 
 
-.. function:: makedirs(name, mode=0o777, exist_ok=False)
+.. function:: makedirs(name, mode=0o777, exist_ok=False, *, \
+                       parent_mode=None)
 
    .. index::
       single: directory; creating
@@ -2541,6 +2542,10 @@ features:
    If *exist_ok* is ``False`` (the default), a :exc:`FileExistsError` is
    raised if the target directory already exists.
 
+   If *parent_mode* is not ``None``, it will be used as the mode for any
+   newly-created, intermediate-level directories. Otherwise, intermediate
+   directories are created with the default permissions (respecting umask).
+
    .. note::
 
       :func:`makedirs` will become confused if the path elements to create
@@ -2567,6 +2572,11 @@ features:
       The *mode* argument no longer affects the file permission bits of
       newly created intermediate-level directories.
 
+   .. versionadded:: next
+      The *parent_mode* parameter. To match the behavior from Python 3.6 and
+      earlier (where *mode* was applied to all created directories), pass
+      ``parent_mode=mode``.
+
 
 .. function:: mkfifo(path, mode=0o666, *, dir_fd=None)
 

@@ -1492,7 +1492,8 @@ Creating files and directories
       :meth:`~Path.write_bytes` methods are often used to create files.
 
 
-.. method:: Path.mkdir(mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False)
+.. method:: Path.mkdir(mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False, *, \
+                       parent_mode=None)
 
    Create a new directory at this given path.  If *mode* is given, it is
    combined with the process's ``umask`` value to determine the file mode
@@ -1503,6 +1504,11 @@ Creating files and directories
    as needed; they are created with the default permissions without taking
    *mode* into account (mimicking the POSIX ``mkdir -p`` command).
 
+   If *parent_mode* is not ``None``, it will be used as the mode for any
+   newly-created, intermediate-level directories when *parents* is true.
+   Otherwise, intermediate directories are created with the default
+   permissions (respecting umask).
+
    If *parents* is false (the default), a missing parent raises
    :exc:`FileNotFoundError`.
 
@@ -1516,6 +1522,9 @@ Creating files and directories
    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
       The *exist_ok* parameter was added.
 
+   .. versionadded:: next
+      The *parent_mode* parameter.
+
 
 .. method:: Path.symlink_to(target, target_is_directory=False)
 

@@ -358,6 +358,15 @@ math
   (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in :gh:`135853`.)
 
 
+os
+--
+
+* :func:`os.makedirs` function now has a *parent_mode* parameter that allows
+  specifying the mode for intermediate directories. This can be used to match
+  the behavior from Python 3.6 and earlier by passing ``parent_mode=mode``.
+  (Contributed by Zackery Spytz and Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`86533`.)
+
+
 os.path
 -------
 
@@ -541,6 +550,10 @@ http.server
 pathlib
 -------
 
+* :meth:`pathlib.Path.mkdir` now has a *parent_mode* parameter that allows
+  specifying the mode for intermediate directories when ``parents=True``.
+  (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`86533`.)
+
 * Removed deprecated :meth:`!pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved`.
   Use :func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved paths on Windows.
   (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`133875`.)

diff --git a/Lib/os.py b/Lib/os.py
@@ -208,22 +208,29 @@ def _add(str, fn):
 # Super directory utilities.
 # (Inspired by Eric Raymond; the doc strings are mostly his)
 
-def makedirs(name, mode=0o777, exist_ok=False):
-    """makedirs(name [, mode=0o777][, exist_ok=False])
+def makedirs(name, mode=0o777, exist_ok=False, *, parent_mode=None):
+    """makedirs(name [, mode=0o777][, exist_ok=False][, parent_mode=None])
 
     Super-mkdir; create a leaf directory and all intermediate ones.  Works like
     mkdir, except that any intermediate path segment (not just the rightmost)
     will be created if it does not exist. If the target directory already
     exists, raise an OSError if exist_ok is False. Otherwise no exception is
-    raised.  This is recursive.
+    raised.  If parent_mode is not None, it will be used as the mode for any
+    newly-created, intermediate-level directories. Otherwise, intermediate
+    directories are created with the default permissions (respecting umask).
+    This is recursive.
 
     """
     head, tail = path.split(name)
     if not tail:
         head, tail = path.split(head)
     if head and tail and not path.exists(head):
         try:
-            makedirs(head, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+            if parent_mode is not None:
+                makedirs(head, mode=parent_mode, exist_ok=exist_ok,
+                         parent_mode=parent_mode)
+            else:
+                makedirs(head, exist_ok=exist_ok)
         except FileExistsError:
             # Defeats race condition when another thread created the path
             pass

@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True):
         fd = os.open(self, flags, mode)
         os.close(fd)
 
-    def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
+    def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False, *, parent_mode=None):
         """
         Create a new directory at this given path.
         """
@@ -1006,7 +1006,11 @@ def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
         except FileNotFoundError:
             if not parents or self.parent == self:
                 raise
-            self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            if parent_mode is not None:
+                self.parent.mkdir(mode=parent_mode, parents=True, exist_ok=True,
+                                  parent_mode=parent_mode)
+            else:
+                self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             self.mkdir(mode, parents=False, exist_ok=exist_ok)
         except OSError:
             # Cannot rely on checking for EEXIST, since the operating system

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -1921,17 +1921,72 @@ def test_makedir(self):
     def test_mode(self):
         # Note: in some cases, the umask might already be 2 in which case this
         # will pass even if os.umask is actually broken.
+        parent = os.path.join(os_helper.TESTFN, 'dir1')
+        path = os.path.join(parent, 'dir2')
         with os_helper.temp_umask(0o002):
-            base = os_helper.TESTFN
-            parent = os.path.join(base, 'dir1')
-            path = os.path.join(parent, 'dir2')
-            os.makedirs(path, 0o555)
+            os.makedirs(path, 0o705)
             self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(path))
             self.assertTrue(os.path.isdir(path))
             if os.name != 'nt':
-                self.assertEqual(os.stat(path).st_mode & 0o777, 0o555)
+                # Leaf directory gets the specified mode
+                self.assertEqual(os.stat(path).st_mode & 0o777, 0o705)
+                # Parent directory uses default permissions (respecting umask)
                 self.assertEqual(os.stat(parent).st_mode & 0o777, 0o775)
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        support.is_wasi,
+        "WASI's umask is a stub."
+    )
+    def test_mode_with_parent_mode(self):
+        # Test the parent_mode parameter
+        parent = os.path.join(os_helper.TESTFN, 'dir1')
+        path = os.path.join(parent, 'dir2')
+        with os_helper.temp_umask(0o002):
+            # Specify mode for both leaf and parent directories
+            os.makedirs(path, 0o770, parent_mode=0o750)
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(path))
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.isdir(path))
+            if os.name != 'nt':
+                # Leaf directory gets the mode parameter
+                self.assertEqual(os.stat(path).st_mode & 0o777, 0o770)
+                # Parent directory gets the parent_mode parameter
+                self.assertEqual(os.stat(parent).st_mode & 0o777, 0o750)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        support.is_wasi,
+        "WASI's umask is a stub."
+    )
+    def test_parent_mode_deep_hierarchy(self):
+        # Test parent_mode with deep directory hierarchy
+        base = os.path.join(os_helper.TESTFN, 'dir1', 'dir2', 'dir3')
+        with os_helper.temp_umask(0o002):
+            os.makedirs(base, 0o755, parent_mode=0o700)
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(base))
+            if os.name != 'nt':
+                # Check that all parent directories have parent_mode
+                level1 = os.path.join(os_helper.TESTFN, 'dir1')
+                level2 = os.path.join(level1, 'dir2')
+                self.assertEqual(os.stat(level1).st_mode & 0o777, 0o700)
+                self.assertEqual(os.stat(level2).st_mode & 0o777, 0o700)
+                # Leaf directory has the regular mode
+                self.assertEqual(os.stat(base).st_mode & 0o777, 0o755)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        support.is_wasi,
+        "WASI's umask is a stub."
+    )
+    def test_parent_mode_same_as_mode(self):
+        # Test emulating Python 3.6 behavior by setting parent_mode=mode
+        parent = os.path.join(os_helper.TESTFN, 'dir1')
+        path = os.path.join(parent, 'dir2')
+        with os_helper.temp_umask(0o002):
+            os.makedirs(path, 0o705, parent_mode=0o705)
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(path))
+            if os.name != 'nt':
+                # Both directories should have the same mode
+                self.assertEqual(os.stat(path).st_mode & 0o777, 0o705)
+                self.assertEqual(os.stat(parent).st_mode & 0o777, 0o705)
+
     @unittest.skipIf(
         support.is_wasi,
         "WASI's umask is a stub."

@@ -2489,6 +2489,119 @@ def my_mkdir(path, mode=0o777):
                 self.assertNotIn(str(p12), concurrently_created)
             self.assertTrue(p.exists())
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
+        "umask is not implemented on Emscripten/WASI."
+    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        sys.platform == "android",
+        "Android filesystem may not honor requested permissions."
+    )
+    def test_mkdir_parents_umask(self):
+        # Test that parent directories respect umask when parent_mode is not set
+        p = self.cls(self.base, 'umasktest', 'child')
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        if os.name != 'nt':
+            old_mask = os.umask(0o002)
+            try:
+                p.mkdir(0o755, parents=True)
+                self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+                # Leaf directory gets the specified mode
+                self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o755)
+                # Parent directory respects umask (0o777 & ~0o002 = 0o775)
+                self.assertEqual(p.parent.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o775)
+            finally:
+                os.umask(old_mask)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
+        "umask is not implemented on Emscripten/WASI."
+    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        sys.platform == "android",
+        "Android filesystem may not honor requested permissions."
+    )
+    def test_mkdir_with_parent_mode(self):
+        # Test the parent_mode parameter
+        p = self.cls(self.base, 'newdirPM', 'subdirPM')
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        if os.name != 'nt':
+            # Specify different modes for parent and leaf directories
+            p.mkdir(0o755, parents=True, parent_mode=0o750)
+            self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+            self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
+            # Leaf directory gets the mode parameter
+            self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o755)
+            # Parent directory gets the parent_mode parameter
+            self.assertEqual(p.parent.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o750)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
+        "umask is not implemented on Emscripten/WASI."
+    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        sys.platform == "android",
+        "Android filesystem may not honor requested permissions."
+    )
+    def test_mkdir_parent_mode_deep_hierarchy(self):
+        # Test parent_mode with deep directory hierarchy
+        p = self.cls(self.base, 'level1PM', 'level2PM', 'level3PM')
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        if os.name != 'nt':
+            p.mkdir(0o755, parents=True, parent_mode=0o700)
+            self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+            # Check that all parent directories have parent_mode
+            level1 = self.cls(self.base, 'level1PM')
+            level2 = level1 / 'level2PM'
+            self.assertEqual(level1.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o700)
+            self.assertEqual(level2.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o700)
+            # Leaf directory has the regular mode
+            self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o755)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
+        "umask is not implemented on Emscripten/WASI."
+    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        sys.platform == "android",
+        "Android filesystem may not honor requested permissions."
+    )
+    def test_mkdir_parent_mode_overrides_umask(self):
+        # Test that parent_mode overrides umask for parent directories
+        p = self.cls(self.base, 'overridetest', 'child')
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        if os.name != 'nt':
+            old_mask = os.umask(0o022)  # Restrictive umask
+            try:
+                # parent_mode should override umask for parents
+                p.mkdir(0o755, parents=True, parent_mode=0o700)
+                self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+                # Leaf directory gets the specified mode
+                self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o755)
+                # Parent directory gets parent_mode, not affected by umask
+                self.assertEqual(p.parent.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o700)
+            finally:
+                os.umask(old_mask)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
+        "umask is not implemented on Emscripten/WASI."
+    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        sys.platform == "android",
+        "Android filesystem may not honor requested permissions."
+    )
+    def test_mkdir_parent_mode_same_as_mode(self):
+        # Test setting parent_mode same as mode
+        p = self.cls(self.base, 'samedirPM', 'subdirPM')
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        if os.name != 'nt':
+            p.mkdir(0o705, parents=True, parent_mode=0o705)
+            self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+            # Both directories should have the same mode
+            self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o705)
+            self.assertEqual(p.parent.stat().st_mode & 0o777, 0o705)
+
     @needs_symlinks
     def test_symlink_to(self):
         P = self.cls(self.base)

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-08-30-07-44-30.gh-issue-86533.pathlib.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-08-30-07-44-30.gh-issue-86533.pathlib.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+The :func:`os.makedirs` function and :meth:`pathlib.Path.mkdir` method now have
+a *parent_mode* parameter to specify the mode for intermediate directories when
+creating parent directories. This allows one to match the behavior from Python
+3.6 and earlier for :func:`os.makedirs`.